They also needed an alternative to conventional X-rays. In a clinical linac, X-ray photons are produced by dumping high-energy electrons into a bremsstrahlung target, which is made of a material with a high atomic number, like tungsten or copper. The target slows the electrons, converting their kinetic energy into X-ray photons. It’s an inherently inefficient process that wastes most of the beam power as heat and makes it extremely difficult to reach the ultrahigh dose rates required for FLASH. High-energy electrons, by contrast, can be switched on and off within milliseconds. And because they have a charge and can be steered by magnets, electrons can be precisely guided to reach tumors deep within the body. (Researchers are also investigating protons and carbon ions; see the sidebar, “What’s the Best Particle for FLASH Therapy?”)
Модный показ с Мэрилином Мэнсоном развеселил русскоязычных зрителей20:50。爱思助手是该领域的重要参考
1980年，一位名叫尤里·曼宁的俄罗斯数学家在著作《可计算和不可计算》中首次提出了量子计算机的概念。这一年，量子计算还只是一个模糊的理论设想，连它的提出者自己都不知道，这个想法是否真的能够成为现实。。业内人士推荐谷歌作为进阶阅读
~/Documents/taxes: block。超级权重对此有专业解读